National Contact Lens Registry Advanced Certification (NCLE-AC) Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• What visual effect is commonly noticed with corneal edema?
• What are contact lenses that have a non-spherical back surface called?
• What should a technician suspect if an adapted contact lens wearer complains of sudden onset of discomfort?
• Which instrument is used to obtain information about the cornea and surrounding structures?
• What is a common effect of wearing contact lenses too long?
• Which of the following is NOT a cone type associated with Keratoconus?
• What is the primary function of the corneal endothelial cells?
• For Carol, who is fitted with GP contact lenses on flat K and has a refraction of -5.00+2.00X 90, what is the effective power of her contact lenses?
• The following RX represents which condition: OD+2.00= 20/20, OS-3.00-2.00X180=20/20?
• If given K's of 42.50 @180 and 44.50 @90 with a prescription of -3.50-2.50X 90, what lens power should be ordered if the lenses are to be one half diopter steeper than K?
• What condition may require immediate follow-up if a patient complains of pain and blurry vision after fitting contact lenses?
• What parameters should be ordered for Jill, who has a rigid lens with a base curve of 44.00D and a power of +3.00D sphere, requiring an over refraction of -0.50D and steepening the lens by 0.50D?
• In lens manufacturing, what advantage does cast molding provide?
• What does ISO stand for in lens manufacturing?
• Fitting soft lenses steeper than the K reading typically results in which of the following?
• Under what condition is it acceptable for a practitioner to withhold a contact lens prescription?
• What effect does decreasing the optical zone of a GP lens have?
• What is the primary purpose of using a suction cup for RGP lens removal?
• Extended wear contact lenses typically have a Dk/l value that is:
• What type of contact lens adjustment could correct a situation where the lens is not providing adequate vision due to fitting?
• Where do spherical equivalent powers position the image on the retina?
• Causes of lens flexure may include?
• What causes distortion immediately after a blink followed by clear mires when evaluating a soft lens?
• What is the main supply of oxygen to the corneal epithelium derived from?
• What is a common consequence of a flat fitting gas permeable lens?
• If an aphakic lens patient wears glasses, how might contact lenses change their vision?
• A warped lens will show how many base curves on the radiuscope and what type of power on the lensometer?
• A patient has a horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) of 12.5mm. What is the best choice of contact lens diameter?
• Given an over refraction of -1.00-0.50X174 on a soft lens of 8.4-2.00 14.2, which parameters would you order for the patient?
• What effect does a longer radius of curvature have on a contact lens?
• What physiological effect might corneal infiltrates have on a patient?
• What problem might flat lenses cause during wear?
• A rigid lens showing apical pooling is typically an indication of what type of fit?
• Which method is used to evaluate corneal clearance in scleral lenses?
• If a surface is excessively flat, how will the mires in the keratometer appear?
• Which bifocal design represents a translating design?
• What is considered the best lens for patients with Keratoconus?
• A rigid lens showing central vaulting is indicative of what?
• What is the primary purpose of contact lens care products?
• Tom's spectacles have a power of -12.00+0.50X 90. What would be the likely soft contact lens prescription for Tom?
• A lens fit characterized by apical touch indicates what type of corneal surface?
• What is the correct procedure for cleaning contact lenses according to recommended guidelines?
• What might be a concern when using certain lens solutions?
• What type of lens is indicated if a thickness gauge measures 0.73 mm on a rigid contact lens?
• What is the method for checking for edema using a slit lamp?
• What is the proper technique for removing scleral lenses?
• What is the result of a lens having an aspheric design?
• What modification cannot be performed in-office on RGP lenses?
• What edge design is recommended for a +15.00D aphakic gas permeable lens?
• What is a common characteristic of an inverted or flat fitting lens?
• What is the purpose of the push-up test for contact lenses?
• If 3% generic hydrogen peroxide is substituted for the solution in one of the FDA approved hydrogen peroxide care systems, what may occur?
• What does increased edge lift in a lens typically improve?
• Which of the following is not a characteristic of corneal edema?
• What is the hardest curve to measure in contact lens fitting?
• What is an essential characteristic of an ideal wetting solution?
• What is a notable outcome of the spin casting process in lens production?
• If a soft contact lens becomes adherent to the cornea, what should the patient do?
• What characteristic is essential for therapeutic soft lenses?
• When are bandage lenses typically indicated?
• The main purpose of a rigid lens wetting solution is to?
• How does a rigid lens correct astigmatism?
• What prescription would be ordered for gas permeable lenses to fit on K's of 43.00 @ 180 and 44.00 @ 90 with RX -3.00 +1.00 X 90?
• In terms of lens design, what defines a toric lens?
• What technique is used to verify gross corneal edema with a slit lamp?
• What type of microorganism is classified as gram negative?
• Which feature is crucial for fitting high myopia patients with contact lenses?
• Which lens manufacturing method is typically more costly?
• When is the application of fluorescein best utilized?
• Which measurement is essential when fitting a rigid gas permeable lens?
• A rigid lens showing excessive apical pooling is an indication of what type of fit?
• What type of slit lamp illumination helps to determine corneal thickening and depth of foreign bodies in the cornea?
• How many curves does a warped lens have?
• In routine cosmetic daily wear, how often should patients typically be evaluated?
• Which alteration would likely address an observed edge lift in a soft lens fitting?
• To correct a flat fitting gas permeable lens, which option would be effective?
• For a prescription of RX -3.50 -1.75 X 180 and K's of 42.00 @ 180 and 42.50 @ 90, what lens design would provide the best visual result?
• What is a common cause of lens discomfort during prolonged periods of reading with contact lenses?
• When evaluating fluorescein patterns, a special filter must be used with?
• Which lens design is least likely to provide good visual results for a prescription of -2.50+1.50X90?
• What type of contact lens is recommended for a football player who primarily plays sports?
• What diagnostic tool can aid in the early detection of Pellucid Marginal Degeneration?
• What is the purpose of a hyper flange in contact lens design?
• Why is it important to avoid apical clearance in soft lens fitting?
• What does the FDA classification for disposable lenses signify?
• Which of the following is a common recommendation for contact lens hygiene?
• The keratometer is an instrument used to measure what?
• How is lens flexure diagnosed?
• What condition on the eye is notably affected when corneal oxygen demand is not met?
• How many diopters of power are required to focus parallel rays of light at a distance of 1 m?
• Which type of corneal astigmatism is GP lenses most indicated for?
• In an alignment lid attachment GP fit, the fluorescein pattern should show what characteristic?
• What does CNC stand for in the context of lenses and contact lens manufacturing?
• To increase movement on a diagnostic gas permeable lens with minimal movement, which adjustment would be effective?
• What modification could enhance comfort for patients with gas permeable lenses who experience foggy vision?
• For a patient with exophthalmic eyes needing a toric lens, which of the following is a concern?
• How can three and nine o'clock staining in GP lenses be best eliminated?
• Which of the following complications may arise from excessive dehydration of a toric lens in an exophthalmic patient?
• What is a common sign of dry eye in contact lens wearers?
• Which condition is associated with a decrease in accommodation?
• How does endothelial dysfunction affect the lens?
• What is a common characteristic of tear film abnormalities in aging?
• Which of the following will NOT increase the movement of a tight fitting gas permeable lens?
• Which of the following factors will not improve lens stability in a soft toric lens?
• How does keratoplasty impact follow-up visits for patients wearing GP lenses?
• What is a common cause of SEAL (Superior Epithelial Arcuate Lesion)?
• Which radius tool should be used to create a smooth blend between the intermediate and peripheral curve of a contact lens?
• Which structure is responsible for producing aqueous humor?
• In which scenario is working with CNC most relevant?
• What is a common characteristic of a soft spherical lens compared to other types?
• What typically triggers the onset of VLK?
• Which instrument is used for magnifying the edge of a rigid contact lens?
• What is the acceptable tolerance for overall lens diameter according to ANSI standards?
• When adjusting the rotation for a toric lens that rotates halfway between 5 o'clock and 6 o'clock using the LARS principle, what adjustment is necessary?
• A non wetting gas permeable lens may cause?
• What is the term for the loss of the crystalline lens's ability to accommodate?
• In which situation should a new lens fitting be considered?
• What can excessive prism thickness lead to in an eye?
• What is the significance of non-preservative solutions for scleral lenses?
• To aid in the positioning of a gas permeable prism ballast lens that rides too low, which feature might be helpful?
• What does a Schirmer 1 test measure?
• When fitting contact lenses, what is a crucial step to ensuring patient comfort?
• The Wratten filter is used with the biomicroscope to?
• When fitting a contact lens, what should be adjusted when moving from the spectacle plane to the corneal plane for prescriptions of 4.00 D or greater?
• Where does VLK most commonly occur on the eye?
• What is the first step in checking a scleral lens fit?
• What can cause discrepancies in keratometer readings?
• The role of preservatives in contact lens solution is to what?
• What is the recommended follow-up schedule for new soft lens fits after the initial fit?
• What typically causes microcysts in the cornea?
• Which symptom is often associated with the use of a tight fitting lens?
• If a rigid contact lens measures +15.00D BVP, what can be expected for the FVP measurement?
• What causes mucin balls to form under contact lenses?
• Which design feature enhances the stability of a myopic lens?
• If a lens rotates 10° to the left during a diagnostic evaluation, which parameter should be ordered for the patient?
• Among the following, which method is used to decrease optic zone size?
• Where does the base curve of a multi-focal contact lens generally align?
• What type of slit lamp illumination is typically utilized for observing tear break up time?
• What is the normal tear break-up time in seconds?
• What should be the primary concern if a patient experiences blurred vision after blinking?
• What could potentially result from a tight fit of a contact lens?
• What is a key characteristic of good tear exchange in GP lenses?
• What happens when a steep lens is too tight on the cornea?
• In calculating the prescription for a rigid lens, what is the first step?
• If a GP lens fails to provide acceptable visual acuity, what should the fitter first do?
• In topography, which colors signify a flatter terrain?
• What aspect of the manufacturing process can affect the predictability of fit in lenses?
• What should be done if a contact lens appears to have deposits on it?
• Which soft lens care system is most effective in the removal of deposits?
• The aqueous layer of the tear film is produced by which glands?
• What symptom might indicate a fitting issue with a contact lens?
• Which lens condition might suggest a need to increase Dk levels?
• What is the ANSI standard for GP thickness?
• For a prism ballast GP lens, what is the required amount of prism for proper orientation?
• Given the patient's curvature readings of K's 42.00 @180 and 42.00 @90, which kind of contact lens is likely needed for optimum visual acuity?
• What visual condition does a patient with a tight fitting lens typically report?
• Which of the following is a translating bifocal lens design?
• How often should retraining for OSHA training on bloodborne pathogens occur?
• To achieve optimal vision correction, what should be added to the HVID measurement?
• On a compromised cornea, such as one that has undergone a corneal graft, which lens characteristic would be most beneficial?
• For a patient with K's 45.00 @ 180/44.00 @ 90 and an RX of -3.00+1.00X 180, which lens specifications are best for an intrapalpebral GP fit?
• An arcuate stain on the cornea in a GP wearer may be due to which factor?
• Vogt's striae occur in which layer of the cornea?
• What can occur if a patient improperly handles their contact lenses?
• In which direction does a GP lens typically orient when used for irregular astigmatism?
• A technician should look for which of the following signs when assessing lens movement?
• If there is fluorescein touch at the intermediate curve of a lens, what should be done?
• Inferior punctate staining may indicate which condition?
• Which type of contact lens is most beneficial for someone with recurrent corneal erosions?
• What set of lens specifications would best simulate intrapalpebral GP fitting with K's of 42.00 @ 180/43.00 @ 90 and an RX of -2.00-1.00X 180?
• Which situation may require increasing prism in bifocal lenses?
• What would be the first lens of choice for Mike, a welder with a prescription of -6.00+2.00 x 180, seeking more oxygen transmission to the cornea?
• How does the front vertex power of a high plus lens compare to its back vertex power?
• What is often the best indicator of systemic health issues related to contact lens wear?
• Which factor can lead to discomfort associated with rigid gas permeable lenses?
• Which of the following tools is not used for blending peripheral curves in an office?
• If a soft contact lens is not properly neutralized, how does the residual hydrogen peroxide affect the cornea?
• A rigid lens shows two curves on the convex surface measured with radiuscope, but shows one power on the lensometer. What type of lens is this?
• For a patient with K's of 44.00 @ 180 and 46.50 @ 90, which special GP lens design would be most beneficial?
• If a patient has a refractive cylinder of 1.50D and keratometer readings of 44.00 @ 180/44.50 @ 90, what outcome would you expect from a spherical gas permeable lens?
• What are the requirements of a good contact lens case?
• What type of astigmatism is indicated by a fluorescein pattern showing a concentration of fluorescein inferiorly and superiorly beneath a rigid contact lens?
• Which medication is known to affect successful contact lens wear?
• Dry eyes are a common side effect of which of the following medications?
• What is a key aspect of lathe cutting in contact lens production?
• Which of the following is a category of microorganism recognized by the FDA?
• What is the ad power for a patient whose refraction shows best visual acuity at distance with a power of +1.25+1.00X 95?
• Given K' S 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @ 90 with an RX of -3.00-2.25X 180, which lens design would best correct the wearer's vision?
• What characteristic is associated with a lens described as having a steeper base curve?
• Improperly fitted contact lenses can lead to which ocular condition?
• Which characteristic defines FDA group I soft lenses?
• If a soft lens exhibits edge lift when observed on a cornea, how can this be corrected?
• Which of the following is NOT an ocular sign of aging?
• How soon should patients wearing overnight contact lenses be seen for follow-up care?
• Under what circumstance is it acceptable for a practitioner to withhold a contact lens prescription?
• What is the type of bifocal lens that features a gradual change in power from the center to the periphery?
• In the healing process of a graft, how does it function?
• If a patient has K readings of 43.50 @ 180 and 41.50 @ 90, what could be expected from a spherical GP lens?
• Which of the following conditions would indicate the need for a lens with a thinner edge design?
• Which layer of the cornea is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance and transparency?
• If a rigid lens was ordered with a base curve of 7.84 mm but received a lens measuring 7.94 mm, how does this lens compare to what was ordered?
• Which bifocal contact lens design may rotate without causing vision impairment?
• Which of the following preservatives produces the least toxic response in the eye?
• Which keratometer reading indicates with the rule astigmatism?
• What does a red/orange color represent in topography?
• In the case of observed corneal edema inferiorly under a prism ballast toric soft lens, what is the probable cause?
• When assessing a multifocal lens fit, what is the main consideration for the base curve?
• If Volk striae and microcysts are combined, what condition might this indicate?
• According to federal regulation, how long should a contact lens prescription be valid?
• Which type of contact lens has 60% water content and is prone to deposits?
• What is the back vertex power of a lens measured when the concave side of a gas permeable lens is placed against the lens stop of the lensometer?
• Which condition is characterized by the inability to completely close the eyelids during sleep?
• Why should a soft lens never be fit with apical clearance?
• What is the acceptable tolerance for the power of a rigid lens that is under +/-5.00?
• Which of the following corneal layers plays a crucial role in nutrient absorption?
• Which symptom is NOT associated with corneal edema?
• Which auxiliary trial lens will extend the keratometer range to approximately 61.00D?
• If a lens rotates 10° to the right during evaluation, which parameter adjustment might be necessary?
• Upon removal of the crystalline lens, the patient is described as which of the following?
• Which type of astigmatism is represented by K's 42.50 @180 /40.50 @90?
• What is the first step toward resolution when corneal epithelial cells suffer trauma?
• What is the recommended approach if a high minus lens, such as -7, is riding high on the cornea?
• If four hours of disinfection is recommended, what should a patient be advised?
• For a patient with K readings of 42.50 @180 /42.50@90 and an Rx of 3.00 -1.00X90, which GP lens design is most appropriate?
• A rigid lens showing apical touch is an indication of?
• Using the monovision technique for fitting spherical soft lenses, what is the desired power for the eye fitted for near with a prescription of RX -3.00-0.50 X 180, Add +1.25?
• What effect can poor insertion techniques have on the cornea?
• What does the LARS principle assist with in contact lens fitting?
• What term describes a sensitivity to light?
• The slit lamp illumination that provides an overall view of the cornea but limits detail is:
• A toric soft lens is effective in correcting which type of astigmatism?
• What type of lens would be recommended for a patient with a prescription of -3.00 sphere if they require a lens design that accommodates changes in prescription due to aging?
• Which lens specifications would best simulate a lid attachment rigid lens fitting for K's 42.00 @ 180/43.00 @ 90?
• Which of the following could cause a patient rigid contact lens to displace frequently and pop out without a cause?
• What is the purpose of using polishing compound and radius tools in lens fitting?
• How does radial keratoplasty primarily heal?
• Which of the following describes the benefit of edge lift in a contact lens?
• Aqueous Tear Deficiency is primarily related to which disease?
• If a contact lens is too loose, which adjustment can be made?
• When determining the comfort of a contact lens fit, which factor is crucial?
• What type of lens requires compensation for vertex distance when a prescription is 4.00 D or greater?
• What is a common cause of mucin balls developing underneath contact lenses?
• If a lens is stated to have a "steep fit," what does that imply?
• What type of astigmatism is represented by the following example: K's 44.00 @180/ 44.50 @90; RX -3.00 -2.50 X 180?
• After undergoing penetrating keratoplasty, which corneal layer does not regenerate?
• Which of the following activities should be discussed with patients wearing contact lenses?
• How do steep lenses behave once inserted?
• Which of the following modifications can enhance tear exchange on an RGP lens?
• The average lifespan of a corneal epithelium cell, from mitosis through maturation and desquamation, is approximately how long?
• What is classified as a contact lens blank?
• Which type of contact lens is recommended for a patient with K's values of 43.00 @160 and 44.09 @75 experiencing 3+ distortion?
• When prescribing contact lenses, what is a critical consideration for a patient's visual needs?
• Diffuse central punctate staining indicates the lens fit is likely:
• Transient keratometric mire distortion is usually due to what factor?
• A soft contact lens that is too loose may show all of the following except?
• How can one evaluate a poorly finished transitional zone in a gas permeable lens?
• Which of the following best describes lenticular astigmatism?
• How many curves does a back toric lens contain?
• What deficiency is commonly associated with mucin deficiency?
• What is the average horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) for a patient?
• What is the best technique to evaluate the movement of a thin hydrogel lens?
• How many curves does a bi-toric lens have?
• To flatten the lens to cornea relationship in a gas permeable lens fit with parameters of 42.50-3.00 9.5, which lens should be ordered?
• Given K's readings of 44.00 @180 /45.25 @90 and an RX of -3.00+0.25x90, which type of lens would best suit the patient's visual needs?
• Which of the following would NOT be a corrective action for a loose lens fit?
• What primarily causes dimple veiling on the cornea?
• The first line of defense in the protective system of the eye is formed by which of the following?
• What two design changes might be helpful in centering a high riding myopic lens?
• Punctal occlusion may be most beneficial for which of the following conditions?
• Which lens design would provide the best visual results for a prescription of RX -3.00 sphere?
• How is the optical zone calculated?
• When fitting a soft lens with a prescribed power, what must be considered in relation to the base curve?
• If keratometric miers are only clear when the wearer blinks, what can be inferred about the lens fit?
• What condition should be suspected when there are larger fluctuations in a patient’s refractive error?
• After an over-refraction on soft lenses of 8.8-4.00 14.0 results in -0.75D sphere, which parameters would you order for the patient?
• Which is a potential side effect of improper lens fit?
• Corneal microcysts are best visualized via biomicroscopy with which method of illumination?
• What is one benefit of in-office polishing of a gas permeable lens?
• Which component is NOT part of the tear film?
• What is the primary function of the endothelial cell layer?
• What does it mean when soft contact lenses must equilibrate on the eye?
• A rigid lens showing a band shaped area of touch on the flattest meridian indicates which type of cornea?
• Fluorescein is used to observe all of the following except:
• The measuring magnifier may be used to measure which of the following GP parameters?
• Which type of contact lens is specifically designed for individuals with astigmatism?
• What is the ideal eccentricity value for lenses?
• Which property is associated with a lens manufactured by spin casting?
• What would be the required power of a soft contact lens for a patient with +8.50D spectacles sitting 12 mm from the cornea?
• Identify a primary characteristic of an aspheric lens.
• What is the term for the condition characterized by the loss of vision without any apparent disease to the eye?
• Which of the following symptoms is consistent with corneal edema?
• What is the recommended method for inserting scleral lenses?
• In against the rules astigmatism, where is the steepest corneal meridian typically located?
• What is the FDA classification of contact lens care products aimed at?
• How is disinfection defined in the context of contact lens care?
• If a patient experiences discomfort and burning with soft contact lenses, what could be the likely issue?
• Where are the palisades of Vogt located?
• Which cold disinfection chemical is least likely to cause a reaction when used as directed?
• Keratoconus and penetrating keratoplasty fittings are best accomplished by which of the following methods?
• Prolonged contact lens wear without adequate blinking can lead to which of the following?
• When evaluating a gas permeable lens fit, which characteristic should be increased to improve movement?
• To increase tear exchange on a RGP lens, which action is NOT recommended?
• What does the pre-corneal tear film provide?
• What is a common characteristic of high-Dk/t lenses?
• Which of the following are two methods of stabilizing the rotation of rigid bifocal contact lenses?
• Slight pooling of fluorescence in the peripheral curve portion of a rigid lens indicates what?
• When should newly fitted extended wear patients have their first check-in?
• What needs to be considered when fitting lenses that are steeper than expected?
• When evaluating tear film break up time, what is a concerning indicator for contact lens success?
• What instructions should patients receive to prevent their contact lenses from becoming contaminated?
• What is a common side effect of antihistamines related to eye health?
• How can one describe the lens shape of a spherical lens?
• In performing a preliminary evaluation of soft contact lens movement, what should a technician observe?
• What could be a potential consequence of wearing a tight GP lens?
• Patients with keratitis sicca are more prone to which of the following?
• For a patient with K's of 46.00 @180/45.50 @90 and an RX of -3.00-1.50 X 90, which contact lens would best correct their visual needs?
• Which type of RGP lenses are more likely to flex?
• Soft contact lenses are susceptible to deposits of?
• What is the recommended technique for removing RGP lenses that are stuck?
• What manufacturing process is most commonly used for disposable contact lenses?
• When are soft lenses generally contraindicated?
• What should be done for patients with a history of Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) regarding lens fittings?
• Why do contact lens technicians work with prescriptions in minus cylinder form?
• Which design is appropriate for a patient requiring correction tо moderate astigmatism?
• What feature is critical for assessing the peripheral fit of a lens?
• What type of ametropia frequently results in high riding rigid lenses?
• If a pre-presbyopic myopic patient is fit with contact lenses, what challenge might they face?
• What is the primary benefit of using aspheric gas permeable lenses?
• Which condition is commonly associated with the aging process affecting lens flexibility?
• Which layers constitute the cornea?
• What characteristic is vital for the healing process after radial keratoplasty?
• If Mary has a base curve of 43.50D and a power of +2.75D on her gas permeable lens, what would be the new power required if the base curve changes to 43.00D?
• What is the method for checking scleral lenses under fluorescein?
• What is the primary purpose of a soft toric lens?
• For which type of vision correction would a soft toric lens be most appropriate?
• What limits the Dk/t of previous hydrogel lenses prior to silicone hydrogel lenses?
• How many curves does a front toric lens have?
• Which of the following describes the base curve(s) that a warped lens will present?
• Which type of lens might require the use of a push-up technique to evaluate movement?
• Wearing lenses in high altitudes and dry environments may result in complaints of all but which of the following?
• The cornea receives nutrients primarily from which sources?
• What type of lens design includes prism ballast, double slab-off, and peri-ballast?
• What would be an appropriate response if a lens is causing discomfort?
• Why is it important to assess lens edge after checking GP lens fit?
• Why is the use of Wratten #12 or Tiffen yellow filter important in evaluating the fluorescence pattern of patients with GP lenses?
• What is the first step to take when measuring with a keratometer?
• What is a disadvantage of using lathe cutting for lens production?
• Which statement about eye makeup is correct?
• What effect does long-term hypoxia have on the cornea?
• What condition might an inability to bring all keratometer mires into focus indicate?
• What pattern is associated with against the rule astigmatism?
• What tools are used for blending peripheral curves in the office?
• What type of lens measurement is affected by a change in the cornea's curvature?
• Based on K readings of 44.00 at 180/41.00 at 90 and Rx of -1.00-3.00X 90, which is the correct base curve and power?
• What type of solution should be used in scleral lenses?
• What does pachymetry measure?
• How many curves does a spherical lens contain?
• When should therapeutic soft lenses be fit with minimal movement?
• What does "in situ" mean when assessing contact lenses?
• In the case of central corneal haze, which method is typically used for assessment?
• What type of astigmatism is commonly associated with aging?
• What is a common result of long-term rigid contact lens wear?
• Gas permeable lens flexure may be eliminated by which of the following methods?
• Which surface of the eye is the most powerful refractive surface?
• What are the characteristics of corneal edema?
• What instrument allows for simultaneous verification of lens diameter, optic zone, and peripheral curve?
• Which staining agent is best used for identifying degenerating endothelial cells?
• What does VLK stand for in contact lens terminology?
• What does excessive staining at three and nine o'clock in GP lenses indicate?
• What condition often requires special consideration when fitting contact lenses?
• What might it indicate if the mires are not in focus when verifying a rigid lens on a radiuscope?
• When inspecting the blend on the bevel of a GP lens, what should be observed?
• What is the average pH value of human tears?
• Which modification to a gas permeable lens cannot be made in the office?
• With the rule astigmatism features what type of curvature?
• This patient with OD+2.00= 20/20 and OS-3.00-2.00X180=20/20 will best achieve stereopsis with which of the following modalities?
• What is indicated if a rigid lens shows excessive edge lift?